Table 6 Characteristics of CBCT scanners in the reviewed studies

Al Hadi et al. (2020)/[24]

Carestream® CS 9000 3D CBCT

60 kVp, 5 mA, and 10 ms

FOV: 3.7 × 5 cm³

Isotropic voxel:76 × 76 × 76 μm

Byakova et al. (2019)/[33]

3D Accuitomo 170 machine; (J. Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan)

90 kVp, 4 or 5 mA, and 30.8 s

FOV: 8 × 8 cm³

Voxel size: 0.16 mm³

Ashmawy et al. (2018)/[25]

i-CAT Next Generation (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA)

120 kV, 5 mA, and 7 s

FOV: 8 × 8 cm³

Voxel size: 0.125 mm³

360º arc of rotation

Hekmatian et al. (2018)/[26]

Sirona Orthophos, GALILEOS version 1.7, XG 3D (Sirona, Germany)

85 kVp, 13 mA, and 5.1 s

FOV: 5 × 5.5 cm³

Ardakani et al. (2015)/[28]

Planmeca ProMax 3D (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland)

66 kVp, 8 mA and 12 s

FOV: 8 × 8 cm³

Valizadeh et al. (2015)/[29]

CBCT NewTom VGi (Quantitative Radiology, Verona, Italy)

110 kVp; adjusted mA

FOV: 8 × 12 cm³

Voxel size: 0.2 mm³

Abdinian et al. (2016)/[27]

Cranex 3D (Soredex; Helsinki, Finland)

89 kVp, 6 mA and 12.6 s

FOV: with 8 × 4 cm³

Voxel size: 0.2 mm³

Chavda et al. (2014)/[34]

Accuitomo 3D CBCT scanner (J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan)

90 kVp, 5.0 mA, and 17.5 s

Slice intervals: 0.125

Slice thickness: 1.5-mm

Patel et al. (2013)/[35]

Accuitomo 3D CBCT scanner (J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan)

90 kVp, 3.0 mA and 17.5 s

Kambungton et al (2012)/[17]

Veraviewepocs 3D (J. Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan)

70 kVp, 3 mA and 9.4 s

Slice thickness: 1.5 mm

Slice intervals: 1.0 mm

Edlund et al (2011)/[37]

1. iCAT unit

2. 3D Accuitomo 80 unit

1. Limited FOV, voxel size: 125 µm

2. Limited FOV, voxel size: 80 µm

Varshosaz et al (2010)/[31]

Promax 3D (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland)

76 kVp, 6 mA, and 12 s

FOV: 8 × 8 cm³

Image resolution: 0.16 mm

Hassan et al (2009)/[32]

I-CAT CBCT

120 kVp, 5 mA

FOV: 10 × 16 cm³

Mohammadpour et al (2014)/[39]

NewTom VG, (Quantitative Radiology, Verona, Italy)

110 kVp, 13.8 mA, 18 s

FOV: 8 cm × 12 cm³

Voxel size: 0.15 mm³

Moudi et al (2014)/[30]

Newtom 5G system (QR s.r.l., Verona, Italy)

110 kV

Junqueira et al (2013)/[22]

I-Cat Next Generation (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA)

120 kVp, 8 mA, and 26.9 s

FOV: 5cm³

Voxel sizes: 0.25 mm³ and 0.125 mm³

Wanderley et al. (2021)/[38]

Picasso Trio unit (Vatech, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea)

85 kVp, 5 mA

FOV: 5 × 5 cm³

Voxel size: 0.2 mm³

Fernanda Chiguti et al. (2021)/[40]

i-Cat Next Generation® equipment (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, USA)

120 kV, 37.07 mA

FOV: 8 × 8 cm³

Voxel size: 0.125 mm³

De Lima Moreno et al. (2022)/[41]

1. OP300 (Kavo. Dental)

2. Ortophos SL3D (Sirona)

3. PaX.i-3D (Vatech)

Protocol 1.1: FOV: 4.7 × 4.7 cm³, Voxel size: 0.13, kVp: 89, mA: 8, basis projections 452

Protocol 1.2: FOV: 4.7 × 4.7 cm³, Voxel size: 0.08, kVp: 89, mA: 10, basis projections 706

Protocol 2.1: FOV: 5 × 5.5 cm³, Voxel size: 0.16, kVp: 85, mA: 10, basis projections 385

Protocol 2.2: FOV: 5 × 5.5 cm³, Voxel size: 0.08, kVp: 85, mA: 6, basis projections 768

Protocol 3.1: FOV: 6.24 × 6.24 cm³, Voxel size: 0.13, kVp: 89, mA: 5, basis projections 450

Protocol 3.2: FOV: 6.24 × 6.24 cm³, Voxel size: 0.08, kVp: 89, mA: 5, basis projections 652

Oliveira et al. (2021)/[36]

OP300 (Instrumentarium Kavo Kerr Corp, Tuusula, Finland)

90 kVp; 10 mA; and 6.1 s

FOV: 6 × 4 cm³

Voxel size: 0.085 mm³