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Table 2 Muscle thickness sites, equations, and correlations

From: Validity of ultrasonography-derived predictions for estimating skeletal muscle volume: a systematic literature review

Segments

Equations

r

SEE cm3

References

EF and EE

MVUS = L x (π x MT/2)2

0.962

50.7 (7.2%)

[35]

EF

MVUS = 2.586 BH – 1.259 BW + 7.057 CIR + 0.524 (L x (MT)2) − 447.46

0.943

6–8%

[9]

EE

MVUS = 3.478 BH – 0.180 BW + 6.674 CIR + 0.382 (L x (MT)2) − 559.36

0.932

KE

MVUS = (MT × 311.732) + (L × 53.346) – 2058.529

0.824*

175.6 (10.6%)

[33]

EF

MVUS = (MT × 117.9) + (L × 12.6) − 494

0.884*

22.1 (7.3%)

[34]

EE

MVUS = (MT × 98.1) + (L × 31.9) − 984.4

0.842*

40.3 (9.8%)

KE

MVUS = (MT × 320.6) + (L × 110.9) − 4437.9

0.787*

198.5 (11.1%)

APF30

MVUS = (MT × 219.9) + (L × 31.3) − 1758

0.832*

78.9 (7.6%)

♂ Total body (sum of 9 MT)

MVTOT = 0.641 × MT9 x BH − 12.087

0.96

2.24 kg

[37]

♂ Total body (sum of 6 MT)

MVTOT = 0.809 × MT6 x BH − 4.834

0.96

1.8 kg

♂ Arm (EF + EE + LAF)

MVTOT = 0.204 × MTarm x BH − 0.517

0.95

0.22 kg

♂ Trunk (AB + SUS)

MVTOT = 1.303 × MTtrunk x BH + 1.766

0.88

1.11 kg

♂ Thigh (KE + KF)

MVTOT = 0.639 × MTthigh x BH − 2.972

0.83

1.76 kg

♂ Lower leg (APF30 + ADF)

MVTOT = 0.233 × MTlower leg x BH − 1.347

0.83

0.55 kg

♀ Total body (sum of 9 MT)

MVTOT = 0.594 × MT9 x BH − 11.32

0.91

2.75 kg

♀ Total body (sum of 6 MT)

MVTOT = 0.831 × MT6 x BH − 7.992

0.88

2.88 kg

♀ Arm (EF + EE + LAF)

MVTOT = 0.132 × MTarm x BH + 0.093

0.53

0.47 kg

♀ Trunk (AB + SUS)

MVTOT = 0.937 × MTtrunk x BH + 1.794

0.61

1.27 kg

♀ Thigh (KE + KF)

MVTOT = 0.532 × MTthigh x BH − 2.638

0.81

1.39 kg

♀ Lower leg (APF30 + ADF)

MVTOT = 0.237 × MTlower leg x BH − 1.534

0.77

0.61 kg

EF

MVUS = 60.8 × MT + 6.48 × L − 0.709 × AGE + 51.4 × SEX − 187.4

0.909*

19.9 (10.9%)

[25]

ADD

MVUS = 5.51 × MT × L – 434.9

0.922

 

[38]

APF25 medial

MVUS = 2.271 × L + 15.982 × MT-41.493

0.831*

4.1 (20.6%)

[32]

APF25 lateral

MVUS = 1.479 × L + 13.347 × MT-28.676

0.779*

3.1 (25.6%)

♂ Total body (sum of 9 MT)

MVUS = 384.96 x (MT9 x BH) − 3662.1

0.93*

659

[31]

♂ Arm (EF + EE + LAF)

MVUS = 127.09 x (MTarm x BH) – 76.44

0.71*

124

♂ Trunk (AB + SUS)

MVUS = 992.53 x (MTtrunk x BH) + 363.69

0.65*

565

♂ Thigh (KE + KF)

MVUS = 463.47 x (MTthigh x BH) – 1624.3

0.84*

419

♂ Lower leg (APF30 + ADF)

MVUS = 176.1 x (MTlower leg x BH) − 539.29

0.92*

91

♀ Total body (sum of 9 MT)

MVUS = 364.87 x (MT9 x BH) − 3523

0.89*

731

♀ Arm (EF + EE + LAF)

MVUS = 132.68 x (MTarm x BH) – 139.4

0.8*

89

♀ Trunk (AB + SUS)

MVUS = 658.79 x (MTtrunk x BH) + 953.72

0.57*

561

♀ Thigh (KE + KF)

MVUS = 425.40 x (MTthigh x BH) – 1506.7

0.9*

286

♀ Lower leg (APF30 + ADF)

MVUS = 166.19 x (MTlower leg x BH) − 439.17

0.88*

103

KE

MVUS = (SEX × 267.7) + (MT × 249.3) + (L × 41.1) − 1663.7

0.91*

124.4 (12%)

[39]

Total body (sum of 9 MT)

MVTOT = 0.645 x (MT9 x BH) − 7.821

0.96

 

[36]

  1. SEE, standard error of the estimate. MVUS, estimated muscle volume via US in cm3. MVTOT, estimated muscle volume via US in kg. MT, muscle thickness in cm obtained via US. L, length of the limb in cm. CIR, circumference of upper arm at the same site for MT measuring in cm. BH, body height in meters. BW, body weight in kg. SEX, refers to biological differences between males 1 and females 0. AGE, values in years
  2. ♂, boys and males. ♀, girls and females. EF, elbow flexors MT obtained at 60% of anterior arm. EE, elbow extensors, 60% posterior arm. KE, knee extensors, midpoint of anterior thigh. KF, knee flexors, midpoint of posterior thigh. APF30, ankle plantar flexors, 30% of the posterior lower leg. APF25, ankle plantar flexors, 25% of the posterior lower leg. ADF, ankle dorsal flexors, 30% of the anterior lower leg. LAF, obtained at 30% of the lateral anterior forearm. AB, abdominal obtained at a distance 2–3 cm to the right of the umbilicus. SUS, subscapular, 5 cm directly below the inferior angle of the scapula. ADD, adductor, 30% of the medial anterior aspect of the thigh
  3. *r in square instead of r
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BMC Medical Imaging

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